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Средний палеолит Аравии
А.П. Деревянко
Институт археологии и этнографии СО РАН пр. Академика Лаврентьева, 17, Новосибирск, 630090, Россия
Статья посвящена вопросам формирования и развития культуры среднего палеолита на Аравийском полуострове, который являлся одной из основных транзитных территорий для миграций человека и животных между Африкой и Евразией в конце среднего – первой половине верхнего плейстоцена. Расселение среднепалеолитического человека в Аравии было детерминировано периодическими изменениями природно-климатических условий и связанными с этим колебаниями уровня Мирового океана в Баб-эль-Мандебском проливе. Ключевую роль в среднем палеолите региона играли индустрии афро-аравийского нубийского технокомплекса с характерными признаками нубийской леваллуазской технологии, создателями которой были люди современного физического типа, мигрировавшие с африканского континента. В контексте аравийских материалов в статье рассматриваются некоторые аспекты моно- и полицентрической моделей происхождения человека современного физического вида. На основе комплекса антропологических, археологических и палеогенетических данных сделано предположение о том, что современное человечество сформировалось в результате гибридизации как минимум четырех родственных таксонов, развивавшихся в Африке и Евразии. Рассмотрена возможность расселения Homo sapiens, двигавшихся из Африки через Аравийский полуостров, в Юго-Восточной Азии и Австралии в период 70–50 тыс. л.н.
Ключевые слова: аридизация, плювиалы, плейстоцен, леваллуазское расщепление, бифасы, афро-аравийский нубийский комплекс
DOI: 10.17746/1563-0102.2016.44.4.003-025
The Middle Paleolithic of Arabia
A.P. Derevianko
Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
The study focuses on the origin and evolution of the Middle Paleolithic in the Arabian Peninsula, a major crossroads of human and animal migrations connecting Africa with Eurasia in the Late Middle and Early Upper Pleistocene. Middle Paleolithic human dispersal in Arabia was caused by intermittent environmental changes and related fl uctuations of the Bab-el-Mandeb level. A key role in the African Middle Paleolithic was played by Afro-Arabian Nubian lithic industries showing characteristically Levallois features and associated with anatomically modern humans who had migrated from Africa. Arabian fi nds are discussed with reference to the Out-of-Africa and Multiregional models of human evolution. Based on the totality of cranial, archaeological, and paleogenetic data, it is proposed that modern humankind emerged from the admixture of at least four related taxa that had evolved in Africa and Eurasia. A hypothesis about the migration of Homo sapiens from Africa across Arabia to Southeast Asia and Sahul 70–50 ka BP is discussed.
Keywords: Aridization, pluvials, Pleistocene, Levallois reduction method, bifaces, Afro-Arabian Nubian industry
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