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Средний палеолит Леванта
А.П. Деревянко
Институт археологии и этнографии СО РАН пр. Академика Лаврентьева, 17, Новосибирск, 630090, Россия
В статье рассматриваются особенности становления и развития культуры среднего палеолита в Леванте, в одном из ключевых районов первобытной ойкумены. Технокомплексы на этой территории имели много общих технико-типологических показателей, что позволяет рассматривать их в рамках единой левантийской среднепалеолитической индустрии, заметно отичающейся от синхронных технокомплексов в Африке и Евразии. Общность выражается прежде всего в использовании сходных приемов обработки камня, связанных с появлением и распространением леваллуазского и пластинчатого расщепления, которое сложилось на автохтонной ашело-ябрудийской основе. Создателями этой индустрии являлись люди современного физического типа и палестинские неандертальцы, формирование которых происходило на протяжении среднего плейстоцена на основе метисного таксона, образованного в результате гибридизации Homo heidelbergensis и автохтонных популяций.
Ключевые слова: ашело-ябрудийская индустрия, средний палеолит, мустье, плейстоцен, леваллуа, пластинчатая индустрия, H. heidelbergensis, H. neanderthalensis, H. sapiens.
DOI: 10.17746/1563-0102.2016.44.3.003-036
The Middle Paleolithic of the Levant
A.P. Derevianko
Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
The study explores the origin and development of the Middle Paleolithic in the Levant—a region critical for understanding the dispersal of anatomically modern humans. Technological and typological features of the regional Middle Paleolithic industry indicate its distinctiveness, opposing it to other contemporaneous industries of Africa and Eurasia. Peculiarities concern reduction techniques related to the emergence and spread of the Levallois and blade technique, which had local Acheulo-Yabrudian roots. The Levantine Middle Paleolithic industry was associated with both anatomically modern humans and Palestinian Neanderthals, who had originated during the Middle Pleistocene from a taxon that was an outcome of hybridization between Homo heidelbergensis and local archaic hominins.
Keywords: Acheulo-Yabrudian industry, Middle Paleolithic, Mousterian, Pleistocene, Levallois, blade industry, H. heidelbergensis, H. neanderthalensis, H. sapiens.
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