Шидранг С., Биглари Ф., Борд Ж.-Г., Жобер Ж. Позднеплейстоценовые каменные индустрии Центрального Загроса: технико-типологический анализ каменных комплексов пещеры Гхар-е-Кхар, Бисотун, Иран
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Археология, этнография и антропология
Евразии

Том 44 № 1 2016

  

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ПОЗДНЕПЛЕЙСТОЦЕНОВЫЕ КАМЕННЫЕ ИНДУСТРИИ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОГО ЗАГРОСА: ТЕХНИКО-ТИПОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ КАМЕННЫХ КОМПЛЕКСОВ ПЕЩЕРЫ ГХАР-Е-КХАР, БИСОТУН, ИРАН

С. Шидранг1, Ф. Биглари2, Ж.-Г. Борд1, Ж. Жобер1

1Университет Бордо, Франция Universite de Bordeaux, Batiment B8, Allee Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, CS 50023, 33615 PESSAC CEDEX, France

2Национальный музей Ирана, Иран National Museum of Iran, 30 Tir St., Emam Khomaini Ave., Tehran, Iran

В статье представлен технико-типологический анализ каменного комплекса, открытого в 1965 г. в пещере Кхар – одной из немногих палеолитических стоянок в горной области на западе Ирана в Загросе, где прослежены стратифицированные отложения, содержащие последовательно залегавшие культурные остатки периодов МИС 2 и МИС 3. Исследование опирается на технико-типологические характеристики артефактов из обеих частей коллекции стоянки в пещере Кхар, которые хранятся в Национальном музее Ирана и Университете Монреаля и ранее не получили должного освещения, особенно с точки зрения технологии. Обсуждаются проблема перехода от среднего к верхнему палеолиту в Загросе, технологические характеристики индустрий барадоста/загросского ориньяка и возможность эволюции традиций от позднего барадоста к раннему зарзи. Анализ коллекции, несмотря на ее малочисленность, позволяет выявить преемственность в стратегиях редукции нуклеусов и методах изготовления орудий в пещере Кхар от позднего этапа среднего палеолита до эпипалеолита. Однако на основании имеющихся данных сделан вывод о том, что технологических свидетельств для подтверждения гипотезы о преемственности между традициями среднего и верхнего палеолита в Загросе недостаточно, подтвердить или исключить возможность постепенного перехода в этом регионе невозможно.

Ключевые слова: переход от среднего к верхнему палеолиту, мустье Загроса, барадост, ориньяк Загроса, зарзи, центральный Загрос.

DOI: 10.17746/1563-0102.2016.44.1.027-038

CONTINUITY AND CHANGE IN THE LATE PLEISTOCENE LITHIC INDUSTRIES OF THE CENTRAL ZAGROS: A TYPO-TECHNOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF LITHIC ASSEMBLAGES FROM GHAR-E KHAR CAVE, BISOTUN, IRAN

S. Shidrang1, F. Biglari 2, J.-G. Bordes1, and J. Jaubert1

1Universite de Bordeaux, Batiment B8, Allee Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, CS 50023, 33615 PESSAC CEDEX, France

2National Museum of Iran, 30 Tir St., Emam Khomaini Ave., Tehran, Iran

The paper presents a typo-technological analysis of the lithic assemblages from the 1965 excavation of Khar cave in mountainous region of Central Zagros, Iran. Khar cave is one of the rare excavated Paleolithic sites in Zagros region with a stratifi ed sequence encompassing archaeological materials from both MIS 2 and MIS 3. The research is based on typo-technological characteristics of artifacts from the both parts of the Khar cave lithic assemblage, which are stored in the National Museum of Iran and in the Montreal University and have not been properly studied in terms of technology. The paper addresses the issue of Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition in Zagros, technological characteristics of Baradostian/Zagros Aurignacian industries, and the possibility of industrial evolution from the late Baradostian to the early Zarzian. Despite the small size of the assemblage, the analysis illustrates a sequence of changes and continuity in core reduction strategies and tools production in Khar cave, beginning from Late Middle Paleolithic to Epipaleolithic. However based on the current state of data, the paper reaches a conclusion that our technological data supporting the hypothesis of Middle to Upper Paleolithic continuity in Zagros are insuffi cient and we can neither confirm nor reject the possibility of a gradual transition in this region.

Keywords: MP-UP Transition, Zagros Mousterian, Baradostian, Zagros Aurignacian, Zarzian, Central Zagros.

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