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ПЛАСТИНЧАТАЯ И МИКРОПЛАСТИНЧАТАЯ ИНДУСТРИИ
В СЕВЕРНОЙ, ВОСТОЧНОЙ И ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЙ АЗИИ
1. ВОЗНИКНОВЕНИЕ ПЛАСТИНЧАТОЙ ИНДУСТРИИ В АФРИКЕ
И РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЕ ЕЕ НА БЛИЖНИЙ ВОСТОК
А.П. Деревянко
Институт археологии и этнографии СО РАН пр. Академика Лаврентьева, 17, Новосибирск, 630090, Россия
В статье, первой из цикла, посвященного рассмотрению роли пластинчатой индустрии в технокомплексах палеолита в Африке и Евразии, анализируются вопросы зарождения пластинчатого расщепления и становления его на юге, востоке и севере африканского континента. Пластинчатое расщепление впервые зафиксировано в Африке на палеолитических местонахождениях формации Каптурин ок. 500 тыс. л.н. В среднем каменном веке на юге, востоке и севере континента первичное расщепление было преимущественно леваллуазским (острийный, пластинчатый и отщепный варианты) и радиальным (отщепным). В конце среднего – первой половине верхнего плейстоцена на севере и северо-востоке Африки получили распространение два основных технокомплекса – атер и нубийский, а в южной и частично восточной – индустрия ховисонс-порт с первичным расщеплением, технологически близким к верхнепалеолитическому, и изделиями геометрической формы. Все они оставлены популяциями людей современного анатомического вида. На разных этапах верхнего плейстоцена происходила миграция этих популяций в Евразию.
Ключевые слова: формация Каптурин, средний каменный век (MSA I–III), ховисонс-порт, атер, нубийский техноком-
плекс.
DOI: 10.17746/1563-0102.2015.43.2.003-022
BLADE AND MICROBLADE INDUSTRIES
IN NORTHERN, EASTERN, AND CENTRAL ASIA
1. AFRICAN ORIGIN AND SPREAD TO THE NEAR EAST
A.P. Derevianko
Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
Being the first in a series, the study addresses the place of the blade industry among those of Africa and Eurasia, its origin and evolution in southern, eastern and northern Africa. The blade technology fi rst appeared in the Kapturin Formation some 500 ka BP. The Middle Stone Age industries of southern, eastern, and northern Africa were mostly based on the Levallois technique, which included points, blades, and fl akes, and on radial fl aking. In the late Middle and early Upper Pleistocene, two principal technologies, Aterian and Nubian, emerged in northern and northeastern Africa whereas the principal industries of southern and partly eastern Africa were Howieson’s Poort, whose primary reduction technique was basically Upper Paleolithic, and an industry on predominantly geometric tools. Both were associated with anatomically modern humans, who migrated to Eurasia at various stages of the Upper Pleistocene.
Keywords: Kapturin Formation, Middle Stone Age (MSA I, II, III), Howieson’s Poort, Aterian industry, Nubian industry.
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