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СИБИРСКИЙ ФОЛЬКЛОР И ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЕ НА-ДЕНЕ
Ю.Е. Березкин
Музей антропологии и этнографии им. Петра Великого (Кунсткамера) РАН Университетская наб., 3, Санкт-Петербург, 199034, Россия
Европейский университет в Санкт-Петербурге Гагаринская, 3, Санкт-Петербург, 191187, Россия
Удалось выявить шесть фольклорных мотивов, общих для носителей языков на-дене в Северной Америке и народов Южной Сибири. В подобном сочетании данные мотивы больше нигде не встречаются. Проникновение на-дене в Америку связано с миграцией носителей дюктайской культуры; отсутствие параллелей фольклору на-дене на территории Якутии, Колымы, Чукотки и Камчатки закономерно – дюктайцы ушли на Аляску, а их наследие было стерто волнами нового населения. Фольклорные мотивы, общие для на-дене и народов Сибири, восходят к традициям южных соседей дюктайцев. На пространстве от Алтая до Забайкалья демографическая плотность была выше, чем на территории, лежащей севернее, поэтому остатки «палеолитического» фольклора могли сохраниться, несмотря на многократную смену языка.
Ключевые слова: заселение Америки, фольклор Сибири, фольклор индейцев Америки, дене-енисейская гипотеза, сино-
кавказская гипотеза, атапаски, дюктайская культура.
DOI: 10.17746/1563-0102.2015.43.1.122–134
SIBERIAN FOLKLORE AND NA-DENE ORIGIN
Yu.E. Berezkin
Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) RAS Universitetskaya Embankment, 3, St.-Petersburg, 199034, Russia
European University at St.-Petersburg, Gagarinskaya St., 3, St.-Petersburg, 191187, Russia
Six motives were defi ned which are common for Na-dene native speakers in Northern America and the inhabitants of Southern Siberia. These motives exist in such composition nowhere. In Northern America Na-dene occupation is associated with the migration of Dyuktai culture bearers. Na-Dene folklore analogies are not presented at Yakutia, Kolyma, Chukotka and Kamchatka. It seems logical: Dyuktai population migrated to Alaska and their heritage was destroyed by the waves of new people. Common for Na-dene and native people of Siberia folkloric motives go up to the traditions of southern neighborhoods of Dyuktai people. The demographic density was higher at the territory from Altai to Transbaikal, than the territory northward. For this reason, the “Paleolithic” folklore remains might have been saved inspite of repeated shifts of language.
Keywords: America occupation, Siberian folklore, folklore of American Indians, Dene-Yenisei hypothesis, Sino-Caucasian hypothesis, Athabascan, Dyuktai culture.
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