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ИЗОТОПНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ
КАК МЕТОД ТАКСОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ИДЕНТИФИКАЦИИ
АРХЕОЗООЛОГИЧЕСКОГО МАТЕРИАЛА
Горлова Е.Н., Крылович О.А., Тиунов А.В., Хасанов Б.Ф., Васюков Д.Д., Савинецкий А.Б.
Институт проблем экологии и эволюции им. А.Н. Северцова РАН Ленинский пр., 33, Москва, 119071, Россия
В статье обсуждаются возможности использования изотопного состава углерода (соотношение 13С/12С) и азота (соотношение15N/14N) для таксономической диагностики костных остатков животных из археологических памятников и других древних отложений. Представлен обзор мировой литературы, раскрываются особенности изотопного анализа с точки зрения изучения экологии позвоночных животных и методологические трудности работы с ископаемым материалом. Приводятся также конкретные примеры успешного применения изотопного анализа для видовой идентификации археозоологических остатков, в частности, костей бурого и белого медведей, крупных морских млекопитающих и нескольких видов гусеобразных.
Ключевые слова: стабильные изотопы, кости животных, таксономическая диагностика, археозоология, Ursus,
Hydrodamalis gigas.
DOI: 10.17746/1563-0102.2015.43.1.110–121
ISOTOPIC ANALYSIS AS A METHOD OF TAXONOMIC IDENTIFICATION
OF ARCHEOZOOLOGICAL MATERIALS
Ye.N. Gorlova, O.A. Krylovich, A.V. Tiunov, B.F. Khasanov, D.D. Vasyukov, A.B. Savinetskiy
A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution RAS Pr. Leninskiy, 33, Moscow, 119071, Russia
The article discusses the opportunities of carbon (ratio 13C/12C) and nitrogen (ratio 15N/14N) isotopic signature usage for taxonomic diagnostics of animal bone remains from archaeological sites and other ancient deposits. This work presents the world literature review, reveals the features of isotopic analysis in the context of vertebrate animal ecology and the methodological hardships at work with fossil material. The particular cases also show the successful usage of isotopic analysis for specimen identifi cation of archeozoological remains, especially bones of brown and polar bears, large marine mammals and a few specimens of anseriformes.
Keywords: stable isotopes, animal bones, taxonomic diagnostics, archeozoology, Ursus, Hydrodamalis gigas.
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