Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia 48 (3) 2020   DOI: 10.17746/1563-0110.2020.48.3.143-153

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The Use of Computed Tomography for the Study
of Chronic Maxillary Sinusitis:
Based on Crania from the Pucara De Tilcara Fortress, Argentina

A.V. Zubova¹, N.I. Ananyeva^{2, 3}, V.G. Moiseyev¹, I.K. Stulov², L.M. Dmitrenko¹, A.V. Obodovskiy⁴, N.N. Potrakhov⁴, A.M. Kulkov³, and E.V. Andreev²

¹Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera), Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 3, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia

²Bekhterev National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Neurology, Bekhtereva 3, St. Petersburg, 192019, Russia

³Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7–9, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia

⁴St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, Professora Popova 5, St. Petersburg, 197022, Russia

We discuss the methodological advantages of using X-ray computed tomography (CT) for diagnosing chronic maxillary sinusitis (CMS) of various etiologies on skeletal samples. A CT examination of 20 crania from the Pucara de Tilcara fortress, Argentina (late 8th to 16th centuries AD), was carried out. Criteria for identifying CMS included osteitic lesions in the form of focal destruction, and thickened and sclerotized walls of maxillary sinuses. To determine the etiology of the disease, a tomographic and macroscopic examination of the dentition and bones of the ostiomeatal complex were performed, the presence or absence of facial injuries was assessed, and the co-occurrence of various pathologies was statistically evaluated. Five cases of CMS were identified. Four of these may be of odontogenic origin; in two cases, a secondary infection of the maxillary sinuses is possible. In one instance, the etiology was not determined. No indications of traumatic infection were found. Statistical analysis revealed a relationship of CMS with apical periodontitis and the ante-mortem loss of upper molars and premolars. An indirect symptom of CMS may be the remodeled bone tissue and porosity of the posterior surface of the maxilla.

Keywords: Chronic maxillary sinusitis, X-ray computed tomography, orofacial pathologies, periodontitis, osteitis, bioarchaeology