Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia 44 (3) 2016   DOI: 10.17746/1563-0110.2016.44.3.150-157

Annotation:  The Middle Paleolithic of the Levant Faunal Remains from the Early Complexes of the Sagan-Zaba II Multilayered Habitation Site (9120–7880 Wooden Saddle-Trees from Yaloman II in the Altai: An Interdisciplinary Analysis A Scythian Age Sword from the Forest-Steppe Altai Above-Ground Frame Buildings in Western Siberia: Archaeological and Ethnographic Parallels New Evidence on the Early Saka Horse Harness from Eastern Kazakhstan “Caster’s Cache” from Tartas-1, Late Krotovo (Cherno-Ozerye) Culture, Baraba Forest-Steppe Modeling the Deformation of Bone Points: Archaeological and Experimental Data Woven, Knitted, and Wattled 17th–18th Century Textiles from Tara Fortress, Western Siberia Ceramics from Novoilyinka III, a Chalcolithic Site in Kulunda, Western Siberia Shatra and Jurt: The “Return Address” in the Altaian Ritual The Distribution of Bashkir Tribes Before and During their Integration into the Russian State Mythological Characters of the Domestic Space in Russian Folk Beliefs: Lexicographic and Ethnographi Dental Anthropology of the Mesolithic and Neolithic Populations of the Eastern European Forest-Stepp An Upper Paleolithic Human Mandible and a First Cervical Vertebra from Afontova Gora II   

An Upper Paleolithic Human Mandible and a First Cervical Vertebra
from Afontova Gora II

T.A. Chikisheva¹, S.M. Slepchenko², A.V. Zubova¹, V.S. Slavinsky¹, A.A. Tsybankov¹, N.I. Drozdov¹, and D.N. Lysenko³

¹Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia

²Institute of Northern Development, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Malygina 86, Tyumen, 625026, Russia

³OOO “Krasnoyarsk Geoarchaeology”, Pr. Mira 25, bldg. 1, Krasnoyarsk, 660049, Russia

The remains (a mandible and an atlas) of two individuals, from the stratified Upper Paleolithic site Afontova Gora II, dating to 16–12 ka BP, are described. The mandible was from a 14–15-year-old female. Certai n nonmetric traits indicate its anatomical modernity, and the dimensions are closer to those of modern adolescents than to those of Upper Paleolithic individuals of similar age. In com parison, the mandible of the Predmosti-5 female, while being close in biological age, shows a much greater projective length and a higher and wider ramus. Mandibles of Upper Paleolithic children from Sungir are more robust and show a larger intercondylar width and a higher and wider ramus. The modernity of the dimensions of the Afontova Gora mandible may be due to a diachronic tendenc y toward gracilization.The dimensions of the atlas suggest that it belonged to a female aged 20–25. However, the paucity of data on first cervical vertebrae from Upper Paleolithic humans makes it impossible to evaluate the taxonomic status of that find.

Keywords: Mandible, atlas, morphology, Upper Paleolithic, Afontova culture, Afontova Gora II.

REFERENCES

Alekseyev V.P. 1978 Paleoantropologiya zemnogo shara i formirovaniye chelovecheskikh ras: Paleolit. Moscow: Nauka.

Alekseyev V.P., Debets G.F. 1964 Kraniometriya: Metodika antropologicheskikh issledovaniy. Moscow: Nauka.

Buikstra J.E., Gordon C.C., St. Hoyme L. 1984 The case of severed skulls: Individuation in forensic anthropology. In Human Identifi cation: Case Studies in Forensic Anthropology, T. Rathbun, J.E. Buikstra (eds.). Springfi eld: Ch.C. Thomas Publ. Ltd., pp. 121–135.

Derevianko A.P., Slavinsky V.S., Chikisheva T.A., Zubova A.V., Slepchenko S.M., Zolnikov I.D., Lysenko D.N., Drozdov N.I., Tsybankov A.A., Deyev E.V., Rybalko A.G., Stasyuk I.V., Kharevich V.M., Artemyev E.V., Galukhin L.L., Bogdanov E.S., Stepanov N.S., Dudko A.A., Lomov P.K. 2014 Novye antropologicheskiye nakhodki epokhi paleolita so stoyanki Afontova Gora II (predvaritelnoye opisaniye, kratkiy stratigraficheskiy i arkheologicheskiy kontekst). In Problemy arkheologii, etnografii, antropologii Sibiri i sopredelnykh territorii. Novosibirsk: Izd. IAE SO RAN, pp. 431–434.

Dubreuil-Chambardel L. 1907 Variations sexuelles de l’atlas. Bulletins et memoires de la Societe d’anthropologie de Paris, No. 8: 399–404.

Gerasimova M.M., Astakhov S.N., Velichko A.A. 2007 Paleoliticheskiy chelovek, ego materialnaya kultura i prirodnaya sreda obitaniya. St. Petersburg: Nestor-Istoriya.

Gladilin Y.A. 2013 Morfologiya nizhnei chelyusti cheloveka. Saratov: Izd.

Saratov. Gos. Med. Univ. im. V.I. Razumovskogo. Gomez-Olivencia A., Carretero J.M., Arsuaga J.L., Rodriguez-Garcia L., Garcia-Gonzalez R., Martinez I. 2007 Metric and morphological study of the upper cervical spine from the Sima de los Huesos site (Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain). Journal of Human Evolution, vol. 53: 6–25.

Holmes M.A., Ruff C.B. 2011 Dietary effects on development of the human mandibular corpus. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, vol. 145: 615–628.

Hrdlicka A. 1940 Lower jaw. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, vol. 27: 281–308.

Huggare J. 1989 The fi rst cervical vertebra as an indicator of mandibular growth. European Journal of Orthodontics, vol. 11: 10–16.

Huggare J. 1991 Association between morphology of the first cervical vertebra, head posture, and craniofacial structures. European Journal of Orthodontics, vol. 23: 435–440.

Huggare J., Kylamarkula S. 1985a Head posture and the morphology of the first cervical vertebra. European Journal of Orthodontics, vol. 7: 151–156.

Huggare J., Kylamarkula S. 1985b Morphology of the fi rst cervical vertebra in children with enlarged adenoids. European Journal of Orthodontics, vol. 7: 93–96.

Marino E.A. 1995 Sex estimation using the fi rst cervical vertebra. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, vol. 97: 127–133.

Persin L.S., Elizarova V.M., Dyakova S.V. 2003 Stomatologiya detskogo vozrasta. Moscow: Meditsina.

Schintz H.R., Baensch W.E., Friedl E., Uehlinger E. 1951 Roentgen Diagnostics. New York: Grune and Stratton.

Slavinsky V.S., Akimova E.A., Lysenko D.N., Tomilova E.A., Kuksa E.N., Drozdov N.I., Anoikin A.A., Artemiev E.V., Galukhin L.L., Bogdanov E.S., Stepanov N.S., Grevtsov Y.A., Lomov P.K., Dudko A.A. 2014 Kostyanaya industriya stoyanki Afontova Gora II (po rezultatam raskopok 2014 goda). In Problemy arkheologii, etnografii, antropologii Sibiri i sopredelnykh territorii. Novosibirsk: Izd. IAE SO RAN, pp. 435–437.

Standards for Data Collection from Human Skeletal Remains. 1994 Proceedings of a Seminar at the Field Museum of Natural History, J. Buikstra, D.H. Ubelaker (eds.). Fayetteville AK: Arkansas Archeol. Survey. (Arkansas Archeol. Rep. Res. Ser.; No. 44).

Tarasenko S.V., Dydykin S.S., Kuzin A.V. 2013 Anatomo-topograficheskoye i rentgenologicheskoye obosnovaniye provedeniya dopolnitelnykh metodov obezbolivaniya zubov nizhnei chelyusti s uchetom variabelnosti kih innervatsii. Stomatologiya, No. 5: 44–48.

Tarasenko S.V., Kuzin A.V., Mikoyan A.S. 2014 Povysheniye bezopasnosti operativnykh vmeshatelstv na nizhnei chelyusti s uchetom topografi i pitatelnykh otverstiy i mikrokanalov. Rossiyskiy stomatologicheskiy zhurnal, No. 6: 33–36.

Ubelaker D.H. 1978 Human skeletal remains: Excavation, analysis, interpretation. Chicago: Aldine publ. co.