Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia 44 (3) 2016   DOI: 10.17746/1563-0110.2016.44.3.063-071

Annotation:  The Middle Paleolithic of the Levant Faunal Remains from the Early Complexes of the Sagan-Zaba II Multilayered Habitation Site (9120–7880 Wooden Saddle-Trees from Yaloman II in the Altai: An Interdisciplinary Analysis A Scythian Age Sword from the Forest-Steppe Altai Above-Ground Frame Buildings in Western Siberia: Archaeological and Ethnographic Parallels New Evidence on the Early Saka Horse Harness from Eastern Kazakhstan “Caster’s Cache” from Tartas-1, Late Krotovo (Cherno-Ozerye) Culture, Baraba Forest-Steppe Modeling the Deformation of Bone Points: Archaeological and Experimental Data Woven, Knitted, and Wattled 17th–18th Century Textiles from Tara Fortress, Western Siberia Ceramics from Novoilyinka III, a Chalcolithic Site in Kulunda, Western Siberia Shatra and Jurt: The “Return Address” in the Altaian Ritual The Distribution of Bashkir Tribes Before and During their Integration into the Russian State Mythological Characters of the Domestic Space in Russian Folk Beliefs: Lexicographic and Ethnographi Dental Anthropology of the Mesolithic and Neolithic Populations of the Eastern European Forest-Stepp An Upper Paleolithic Human Mandible and a First Cervical Vertebra from Afontova Gora II   

Above-Ground Frame Buildings in Western Siberia:
Archaeological and Ethnographic Parallels

V.N. Adayev and O.Y. Zimina

Institute of Northern Development, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2774, Tyumen, 625003, Russia

This study examines above-ground frame buildings and their numerous parallels in various cultures. In Western Siberia, these structures occur throughout the area from the forest-steppe to the northern taiga and over a time span from the Chalcolithic to the Middle Ages. They were especially popular during the Bronze to Iron Age transition. In settlements, remains of these buildings usually look like oval or rounded areas raised above the ground and surrounded by shallow pits or ditches and sometimes by low earthen mounds. Recent ethnographic studies among the Selkups of the Upper Taz River, Krasnoselkupsky District, Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, demonstrate that the natives of the northern taiga have been using such constructions until the present time. These frame dwellings, shaped like truncated pyramids, had no foundation pits, and were covered with sand and turf. They were called poy-mat, which means “wooden house” in Selkup. Poy-mat was a seasonal dwelling that, in the 20th century, was used by hunters and poor reindeer herders in the winter. Our fi ndings reveal parallels between Selkup and archaeological dwellings and allow us to reconstruct the appearance of ancient buildings, their construction, materials, and usage. This type of building had several adaptive advantages that contributed to its viability over the centuries.

Keywords: Ethno-archaeology, Western Siberia, Selkups, above-ground buildings.

REFERENCES

Adamov A.A. 2000 Novosibirskoye Priobye v X–XIV vv. Tobolsk, Omsk: Izd. Omsk. Gos. Ped. Univ.

Baraba v tyurkskoye vremya. 1988 V.I. Molodin, D.G. Savinov, V.S. Elagin, V.I. Sobolev, N.V. Polosmak, E.A. Sidorov, V.A. Soloviev, A.P. Borodovsky, A.V. Novikov, A.R. Kim, T.A. Chikisheva, P.I. Belanov. Novosibirsk: Nauka.

Chemyakin Y.P., Karacharov K.G. 2002 Drevnyaya istoriya Surgutskogo Priobya. In Ocherki istorii traditsionnogo zemlepolzovaniya khantov (materialy k atlasu). Yekaterinburg: Tezis, pp. 7–74.

Chemyakin Y.P., Zykov A.P. 2004 Barsova gora: Arkheologicheskaya karta. Surgut, Omsk: Izd. Omsk. Gos. Ped. Univ.

Irikov S.I. 2002 Zhilishche. In Khomich L.V., Irikov S.I., Ayupova G.E. Tazovskiye selkupy: Ocherki traditsionnoi kultury. St. Petersburg: Prosveshcheniye, pp. 72–80.

Istoriya Yamala. 2010 In 2 vols. Vol. 1: Yamal traditsionnyi. Bk. 1: Drevniye kultury i korennye narody. Yekaterinburg: Basko.

Kenig A.V. 2001 Etnoarkheologicheskaya model sezonnosti selkupskikh stoibishch (nakopleniye i obrazovaniye kulturnogo sloya). In Integratsiya arkheologicheskikh i etnograficheskikh issledovaniy. Nalchik, Omsk: Izd. Omsk. Gos. Ped. Univ., pp. 60–62.

Kenig A.V. 2010 Etnoarkheologiya kak metod arkheologicheskikh rekonstruktsiy (na primere tazovskikh selkupov). Yekaterinburg, Khanty-Mansiysk: Izd. AMB.

Kosinskaya L.L., Fedorova N.V. 1994 Arkheologicheskaya karta Yamalo-Nenetskogo avtonomnogo okruga. Preprint. Yekaterinburg: UrO RAN.

Lezova S.V. 1991 Zhilishche severnykh selkupov. In Eksperimentalnaya arkheologiya, iss. 1. Tobolsk: Tobolsk. Gos. Ped. Inst., pp. 101–107.

Mikhalev V.V. 2008 Gorodishcha s koltsevoi sistemoi oborony v Srednem Priirtyshye (predvaritelnoye soobshcheniye). In VII istoricheskiye chteniya pamyati M.P. Gryaznova. Omsk: Izd. Omsk. Gos. Ped. Univ., pp. 223–224.

Mikhalev V.V., Korusenko M.A. 2007 Domostroitelnye traditsii naseleniya Nizhnego Pritarya v epokhu srednevekovya (k voprosu o sezonnykh poseleniyakh). In Integratsiya arkheologicheskikh i etnograficheskikh issledovaniy. Odessa, Omsk: Izd. Omsk. Gos. Ped. Univ., pp. 310–313.

Ocherki kulturogeneza narodov Zapadnoi Sibiri. 1994 Vol. 1: Poseleniya i zhilishcha. Bk. 1. Tomsk: Izd. Tomsk. Gos. Univ.

Sokolova Z.P. 1998 Zhilishche narodov Sibiri (opyt tipologii). Moscow: TriL.

Tsembalyuk S.I., Ilyushina V.V., Ryabogina N.E., Ivanov S.N. 2011 Kompleksnoye issledovaniye baitovskogo gorodishcha Borovushka 2 (lesostepnoye Pritobolye). Vestnik arkheologii, antropologii i etnografi i, No. 2: 98?107.

Zakh V.A., Fomina E.A. 1999 K voprosu o proiskhozhdenii andreyevskoi kultury. Vestnik arkheologii, antropologii i etnografi i, No. 2: 14–21.

Zakh V.A., Usacheva I.V., Zimina O.Y., Skochina S.N., Chikunova I.Y. 2014 Drevnosti Andreyevskoi ozernoi sistemy. Vol. 1: Arkheologicheskiye pamyatniki. Novosibirsk: Nauka.

Zimina O.Y., Zakh V.A. 2009 Nizhneye Pritobolye na rubezhe bronzovogo i zheleznogo vekov. Novosibirsk: Nauka.