Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia 41 (2) 2013

Annotation:  The Kulbulak Bladelet Tradition in the Upper Paleolithic of Central Asia New Findings on Lithic Industries of the Middle to Upper Paleolithic Boundary in Dagestan Exploitation of Lithic Raw Material in the Northwestern Caucasus Upper Paleolithic Analyzing Fertility and Attraction in the Paleolithic: The Venus Figurines On Neolithic Origins in Western Georgia Environmental Conditions of the Late Paleolithic and Early Neolithic Sites in Southern Sakhalin Paleochannel Studies in Archaeology: The Case of the Vychegda River, Northeastern European Russia Technological Analysis of the Earliest Ceramics from the Amur Region (13–10 Thousand Years BP) Fortifi cations at Idnakar Settlement: The Findings of Interdisciplinary Research The Plamya Sibiri Sanctuary A Hoard Found on the Uibat River, Minusinsk Basin Early Iron Age Burial Practices of the Ancient Khmer People: The Phum Snay Necropolis, Northwestern Distal Phalanx of the Hand of Homo from Denisova Cave Stratum 12: A Tentative Description   

Fortifi cations at Idnakar Settlement: The Findings of Interdisciplinary Research

M.G. Ivanova, I.V. Zhurbin, and A.N. Kirillov.

The study presents the results of multidisciplinary archaeological and geophysical studies of three fortifi cation lines at Idnakar settlement located in the Kama region (9th–13th centuries). Details of the shape and construction of embankments in each fortifi cation line are identifi ed. The gradual expansion of the site via the construction of new fortifi cation lines and their repeated reinforcement testify to the intense development of production capacity, population growth, and the enhancement of the social system. The emergence of fortifi ed settlements in the Kama region alongside those in Volga Bulgaria and Russia represents part of the urbanization process of Eastern Europe.

Keywords: Kama region, Middle Ages, Idnakar settlement, fortifi cation system, interdisciplinary research, resistivity survey, urban development.